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RABBI ARTHUR SEGAL:HEBREW TEMPLES:NOT ONLY IN JERUSALEM:ELEPHANTINE,LEONTOPOLIS
SHALOM:
OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS, I HAVE BEEN AT MANY SEMINARS OR CLASSES, AND EVEN INVITED TO A CONVENTION, WHERE JEWS, SOMETIMES ALONG WITH APOCALYPETICAL CHRISTIAN ZIONISTS, HAVE WANTED TO BUILD THE THIRD TEMPLE ON THE TEMPLE MOUNT IN JERUSALEM, NOW, AND TEAR DOWN THE MUSLIM DOME OF THE ROCK.
THE JEWISH PREMISE HAS BEEN AT THESE GATHERINGS THAT THIS TEMPLE SITE HAS NOT BEEN USED SINCE 70 AD WHEN THE ROMANS DESTROYED IT, AND THAT JUDAISM IS PLACE BOUND, AND WITHOUT THE TEMPLE SACRIFICES WE ARE NOT COMPLETE JEWS. THEY FURTHER STATE THAT THIS TEMPLE CAN ONLY BE IN JERUSALEM AND THAT THIS FACT HAS BEEN TRUE SINCE KING DAVID FIRST HAD THE IDEA FOR THE TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM IN 1000 BCE, WHICH HIS SON KING SOLOMON BUILT CIRCA 950 BCE.
THE OPINION OF THE APOCALYPETIC CHRISTIANS IS THAT THE TEMPLE NEEDS TO BE BUILT AND FUNCTIONING FOR JESUS TO HAVE A SAFE LANDING ZONE, FOR HIS SECOND COMING, (OR IS IT THE THIRD COMING BECAUSE IT IS SAID HE DID COME BACK 3 DAYS AFTER HIS DEATH AND WALKED AMONG HIS DISCIPLES AND OTHERS FOR ABOUT 7 WEEKS?).
THIS TEMPLE AND A JEWISH SECURE JERUSALEM WILL ALSO PROVIDE A SAFE LANDING ZONE FOR THOSE CHRISTIANS WHO ARE TAKEN UP IN THE ''RAPTURE'', ALONG WITH A HANDFUL OF USEFUL RIGHTEOUS JEWS. OF COURSE WHEN THIS IS ALL ACCOMPLISHED, THE REST OF WORLD JEWRY, ABOUT 99.98%, WILL GO TO HELL.
WELL, PUTTING THE APOCALYPTIC VIEW ASIDE, AS IT IS NOT MY JOB TO TEACH ANOTHER RELIGION'S THEOLOGY, AS I HAVE ENOUGH TSORRES TRYING TO TEACH FACTS TO MY OWN PEOPLE, I WOULD LIKE IN THIS ESSAY TO SHED SOME LIGHT ON HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE THAT MAY HELP RE- SHAPE OPINIONS.
THE TALMUD MAKES IT VERY CLEAR THAT JUDAISM IS NOT PLACE BOUND AND NO LONGER NEEDS THE TEMPLE NOR ITS SACRIFICES. PRAYER WHICH THE RABBIS CALLED SERVICE OF THE HEART, [TALMUD BAVLI TRACTATE TAANIT 2A] AND MITZVOTH, REPLACED SACRIFICES AND HELP US ATONE FOR OUR SINS AND RITUAL IMPURITY. (TALMUD TRACTATE BERACOTH 26B )MORE SO THE RABBIS STATE THAT OUR HOMES' TABLES, WHERE WE SERVE OUR MEALS TO OUR FAMILY AND FRIENDS, REPLACE THE ALTARS, WHERE SACRIFICES WERE DONE.[TALMUD BAVLI TRACTATE CHAGIGAH 27A]. WE SHOULD ALWAYS SPEAK AND STUDY WORDS OF TORAH AND TALMUD WHEN WE EAT, THEY DECLARED.(MISHNA PIRKET AVOT 3:4)
FURTHER, WHILE THE TABERNACLE IN THE DESERT AND WHEN IN ISRAEL WAS PORTABLE, AND CONSTRUCTED WITH GOD'S INSTRUCTIONS TO BE PORTABLE, WITH GOLD RINGS AND POLES, TO BE CARRIED, THE TALMUD BAVLI TRACTATE SOTAH 35A EXPLAINS IT WAS SO HEAVY, YET EASY TO BE CARRIED, AS THE ARK CARRIED ITSELF FOR THE MEN AS THEY HAD THE POLES ON THEIR SHOULDERS. GOD MADE THE ARK TO BE VERY PORTABLE.
THE IDEA THAT AFTER SOLOMON BUILT THE TEMPLE, THAT JERUSALEM WAS THE ONLY SITE FOR THE TEMPLE IS A MYTH AND BEING USED FOR POLITICAL ZIONISM.
WHEN IN 586 BCE THE REMAINING TWO TRIBES OF THE HEBREWS, JUDAH AND BENJAMIN, WHOSE CAPITAL WAS JERUSALEM, WERE TAKEN INTO CAPTIVITY BY BABYLON, A REMNANT OF HEBREWS ESCAPES TO AN ISLAND IN THE NILE NEAR ASWAN . THERE THEY CONSTRUCTED WHAT IS CALLED THE ELEPHANTINE ISLAND HEBREW TEMPLE. THE ISLAND THEN WAS THEN CALLED YEB.
JEWS FIRST WENT TO ELEPHANTINE ISLAND DURING THE TIME OF MANASSAH, AKA MENASHE, WHO THE TALMUD LABELS ONE OF JUDAISM'S THREE MOST EVIL KINGS. READ ABOUT HIM IN RABBI ARTHUR SEGAL:TAMMUZ 17:TALMUD YERUSHALMI:CAUSING OUR OWN SUFFERING(BER 5A) . THIS WAS ABOUT 650 BCE. BUT THEY DIDN'T BUILD A TEMPLE UNTIL AFTER 586 BCE, ABOUT 75 YEARS LATER, WHEN THE HEBREW TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM WAS DESTROYED.
WHEN THE PERSIANS BEAT THE BABYLONIANS ,AND CYRUS THE GREAT CIRCA, 516 BCE, ALLOWED EZRA TO BUILD THE SECOND TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM, THIS ELEPHANTINE TEMPLE WAS STILL FUNCTIONING, AND DOING ANIMAL AND GRAIN SACRIFICES AS PER LEVITICAL LAW. THERE IS NOTHING IN LEVITICUS SAYING A TEMPLE HAD TO BE IN JERUSALEM. IN FACT FROM CIRCA 500 BCE TO 412 BCE WHEN PERSIA RAN EGYPT, THIS ISLAND WAS A FORTRESS ON THE NILE, AND THE JEWS PLAYED AN INTEGRAL PART WITH THE PERSIAN ARMY OF PROTECTING THE NILE FOR PERSIA.
WHEN THE PERSIANS CAME TO EGYPT IN 499 BCE THEY DESTROYED MANY EGYPTIAN TEMPLES BUT DIDN'T HARM THE HEBREW'S TEMPLE. IN FACT, WHEN SOME EGYPTIANS DID SOME HEAVY DAMAGE TO THE HEBREW TEMPLE, THE PERSIANS PAID TO FIX IT AFTER THE HEBREWS REQUESTED IT, AFTER BEING IGNORED, MORE THAN DENIED, FROM THEIR BROTHER HEBREWS IN JERUSALEM (!!). THIS IS BELOW LETTER IS FROM 407 BCE. NOTE HOW THIS IS MENTIONED IN THE DOCUMENT BELOW, AND THAT IT IS MENTIONED THAT WHEN PERSIAN KING CAMBYSES II INVADED EGYPT IN 525 BCE THE PERSIANS FOUND THE HEBREW TEMPLE FUNCTIONING. IT HAD BEEN FOR ABOUT 60 YEARS PRIOR TO THE PERSIANS ARRIVAL.
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| (2nd side) and to the high priest Yehochannan and his associates, the priests in Jerusalem; and to Ostan, the kinsman of Anani; and the Judahite elites. They have never sent us a letter. Furthermore, from the month of Tammuz, the fourteenth year of Darius the king, until today, we have been wearing sackcloth and fasting, making our wives as widows, not anointing ourselves with oil or drinking wine. Furthermore, from then until now, in the seventeenth year of Darius the king, no grain-offering, incense, or burnt-offering has been sacrificed in this temple. Now your servants Yedaniah, and his associates, and the Judahites, all inhabitants of Yeb, state: If it seems good to our lord, remember this temple to reconstruct it, since they do not let us reconstruct it. Look to your clients and friends here in Egypt. Let a letter be sent from you to them concerning the temple of the god Yahu to construct it in the fortress of Yeb as it was before. And the grain-offering, incense, and burnt-offering will be offered in your name, and we will pray for you continuously—we, our wives, and our children, and the Judahites who are here, all of them—if you do this so that this temple is reconstructed. And you shall have honor before Yahu, the God of the Heavens, more than a man who offers him burnt-offerings and sacrifices worth a thousand talents of silver and gold. Because of this, we have written to inform you. We have also set forth the whole matter in a letter in our name to Delaiah and Shelemiah, the sons of Sanballat, the governor of Samaria. Furthermore, Arsames (the Persian satrap) knew nothing of all that was perpetrated on us. |
FURTHER THE PERSIANS, ALLOWED THE JEWS COMPLETE RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, AND EVEN ALLOWED THE JEWISH SOLDIERS GUARDING THE ISLAND, OFF FOR PASSOVER:
"The Passover Papyrus"
A very defective strip of papyrus with writing on both sides. Date: 419 BCE
[To] my [brethren Yedo]niah and his colleagues the [J]ewish gar[rison], your brother Hanan[iah]. The welfare of my brothers may God [seek at all times]. Now, this year, the fifth year of King Darius, word was sent from the king to Arsa[mes saying, "Authorize a festival of unleavened bread for the Jew]ish [garrison]". So do you count fou[rteen days of the month of Nisan and] obs[erve the Passover], and from the 15th to the 21st day of [Nisan observe the festival of unleavened bread]. Be (ritually) clean and take heed. [Do n]o work [on the 15th or the 21st day, no]r drink [beer, nor eat] anything [in] which the[re is] leaven [from the 14th at] sundown until the 21st of Nis[an. For seven days it shall not be seen among you. Do not br]ing it into your dwellings but seal (it) up between these date[s. By order of King Darius. To] my brethren Yedoniah and the Jewish garrison, your brother Hanani[ah].
NOW DURING THE 90 OR SO YEARS THE PERSIANS AND THE JEWS EXISTED TOGETHER ON ELEPHANTINE ISLAND, CIRCA 499 BCE TO 412 BCE, EZRA'S SECOND TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM, [THE LAND OF JUDEA UNDER PERSIAN RULE AS WELL], BUILT IN 516 BCE, ALSO EXISTED.
HENCE FROM 586 BCE TO 516 BCE THE ELEPHANTINE TEMPLE IN EGYPT WAS THE ONLY HEBRAIC TEMPLE. THAT IS A 70 YEAR PERIOD. DURING THIS TIME, THE HEBREWS IN BABYLON, GAVE UP ON THE HEBREW CULT OF THE PRIESTHOOD AND BEGAN TO DEVELOP JUDAISM WITH RABBIS, AND PRAYERS, AND MITZVOTH, INSTEAD OF SACRIFICES.
FROM 516 BCE TO 411 BCE, TWO COMPETING HEBREW TEMPLES EXISTED. THIS PERIOD IS MORE THAN A CENTURY.
EACH HAD THEIR OWN COHAN AND LEVITE PRIESTS AND THEIR OWN SACRIFICES. AND THEY BOTH WERE UNDER PERSIAN RULE.
NOW EZRA'S TEMPLE COULD NOT HAVE ANIOTHER TEMPLE AND ANOTHER PRIESTHOOD. THE HEBREW GOD 'RESTED' , LIVED IN THE TEMPLE. HOW COULD HE RESIDE IN TWO? SO THEY PETITIONED PERSIA TO DESTOY THIS TEMPLE ON ELEPHANTINE. BUT THE PERSIANS NEEDED THIS JEWISH GARRISON. SO THEY COMPROMISED. THE PERSIANS STATED THAT THE ELPHANTINE TEMPLE ONLY COULD DO GRAIN, NOT ANIMAL, SACRIFICES.
WHEN THE PERSIANS LOST EGYPT IN 411 BCE, THIS TEMPLE WAS DESTROYED AND THE JEWS LEFT. SOME SAY THEY WENT TO ETHIOPIA AND HAD THE ARK OF THE COVENANT WITH THEM. THIS IS PART OF THE ETHIOPIAN JEWS TRADITION. OTHERS SAY THEY WENT BACK TO JUDEA AND NEVER HAD THE ARK.
THERE WAS A THIRD TEMPLE THAT EXISTED OUTSIDE OF JERUSALEM.
THIS TEMPLE WAS 700 MILES NORTH ON THE NILE. AND IT HAS BEEN KNOW TO US FOR NEARLY 2000 YEARS, BUT NOT TAUGHT TO US DURING THE POLITICAL ZIONIST YEARS (FOR ABOUT 100 YEARS). IT IS CLEARLY WRITTEN ABOUT IN THE TALMUD AND BY JOSEPHUS FLAVIOUS. ITS SITE WAS FOUND ONLY 100 YEARS AGO IN 1906 BY PROFESSOR SIR WILLIAM PETRIE AND WAS REPORTED IN THE SAME YEAR IN THE BRITTISH JEWISH CHRONICLE, BUT GOT LOST. IT IS CALLED THE TEMPLE OF ONIAS AT LEONTOPOLIS [HELIOPOLIS) AND DATES TO 200 BCE, AROUND THE STORY OF CHANUKAH.
AS YOU READ ABOVE, ELEPHANTINE DATES ABOUT 300 YEARS EARLIER.
JOSEPHUS STATED THE THE ONIAS TEMPLE WAS SIMILAR TO THAT IN JERUSALEM. HE WRITE OF THIS IN HIS BOOK, THE ANTIQUITIES. BUT IN HIS BOOK, THE WAR OF THE JEWS, HE SAYS ONIAS BUILT THE TEMPLE LIKE A FORTESS WITH A TOWER 60 CUBITS (30 METERS) HIGH.
ONAIS WAS HONIAH IV DESCENDED FROM SHIMON HA TZADDIK. HE WAS STEPPED OVER BY JASON, FOR THE ROLE OF HIGH PRIEST. JASON WAS A HELLENIZER, WHO TRIED TO REFORM JUDAISM AND JEWS INTO GREEK PAGANISM, WHICH STARTED THE MACCABEAN REVOLT. AS IS TYPICAL IN OUR HISTORY, AND WHAT WE ARE NOT TAUGHT, OUR PROBLEMS DO NOT USUALLY START FROM THE OUTSIDE, BUT USUALLY FROM JEWS, NOT ACTING GODFULLY, IN OUR OWN MIDST. THE TALMUD BAVLI IN TRACTATE BERACOTH 5A TEACHES US THIS.
IN 170 BCE, KING PTOLOMY IV OF EGYPT, INVITED HONIAH IV TO EGYPT TO AN AREA NORTH OF WHAT IS TODAY'S CAIRO. HIS WIFE WAS CLEOPATRA ONE. DON'T CONFUSE HER WITH CLEOPATRA SEVEN, THE ONE WITH THE NICE ASP. PTOLOMY WANTED HONIAH'S SUPPORT AS THAY GAVE HIM MILITARY CONTROL IN SOUTHERN JUDEA AND HE ALLOWED HONIAH TO BUILD HIS OWN TEMPLE.
THE TALMUDIC RABBIS GAVE THIS TEMPLE LEGITMACY. WHETHER THEY DID THIS TO UNDERMINE THE TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM WHICH WAS AGAINST THE NEW TALMUDIC RABBINIC TRADITION AND THEIR NEW RELIGION, NOW CALLED JUDAISM, OR IF THEY BELEIVED THIS TO BE TRUE, IS UP TO DEBATE. THE LEONTODOPOLIS TEMPLE WAS SET UP BY THE SON OF A TRADITIONAL HIGH PRIEST. HE WAS A COHAN. IT FULFILLED THE PROPHECY OF ISAIAH: "IN THAT DAY THERE SHALL BE AN ALTAR TO THE LORD IN THE MIDST OF THE LAND OF EGYPT (19:19)''.
NOW BECAUSE THE BORDER OF PTOLOMY'S REGION ENDED AT MECCA IN ARABIA, AND BECAUSE THE CONTINUATION OF THIS VERSE SAYS "AND A PILLAR AT THE BORDER OF THE LAND,'' PTOLOMY HAD HONIAH BUILD A TEMPLE AT MECCA IN ARABIA CIRCA 170 BCE . THE JEWS BECAME WEALTHY SPICE MERCHANTS THERE. THE JEWISH COMMUNITY THAT LIVED THERE, WAS THE JEWISH COMMUNITY, THAT DID NOT GIVE MUHAMMED SUPPORT WHEN HE WANTED MECCA AND THE KAABA, APROXIMATELY 700 YEARS LATER. THIS CAUSED A RIFT BETWEEN ISLAM AND JUDAISM.
THE TALMUD RULES THAT A SACRIFICE VOWED IN EGYPT COULD BE REDEEMED AT LEONTOPOLIS, BUT A COHAN PRIEST WHO SERVED IN EGYPT COULD NOT SERVE IN JERUSALEM. HE COULD HOWEVER EAT THE FOOD RESERVED ONLY FOR PRIESTS (TERUMA). THIS IS FOUND IN TALMUD BAVLI TRACTAE MENACHOT 13:10 . THIS TEMPLE EXISTED FOR MORE THAN 200 YEARS AND LASTED LONGER THAN EZRAS! THE ROMANS GOT AROUND TO DESTROYING THIS IN 73 CE, THREE YEARS AFTER THEY DESTROYED THE TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM.
NOW 30 YEARS AFTER THE TEMPLE WAS DESTOYED IN JERUSALEM, THE NOW JEWS, (AS HEBREWISM WAS GONE) HAD AN INTERESTING OFFER MADE TO THEM BY TRAJAN, BEFORE HE BECAME EMPEROR OF ROME.
IN 100 CE TRAJAN, WHO WAS FRIENDLY, AS FRIENDLY AS A ROMAN COULD BE, TO THE JEWS, OFFERED THE JEWS, VIA RABBI JOSHUA BEN HANNANYA, PERMISSION WITH ROMAN FUNDS, TO REBUILD THE TEMPLE. THE RABBIS WERE NOT TOO KEEN ON THE IDEA AS THE TEMPLE WENT AGAINST WHAT WOULD NOW BE 600 YEARS OF RABBINIC-TALMUDIC TRADITION. FURTHER, THE SAMARATANS NIXED THIS IDEA TO THE ROMANS, SAYING THAT IF THE JEWS HAD THEIR TEMPLE BACK, THEY WOULD BEGIN TO THINK OF INDEPENDENCE. MANY COMMON JEWS HOWEVER WERE UPSET, AS THEY DIDN'T UNDERSTAND JUDAISM, WHICH REQUIRED PRAYER, GOOD DEEDS, LOVING ONES NEIGHBOR, RETURNING HATE WITH LOVE, AND FOUND IT EASIER TO BE HEBREWS, AND JUST BRING BREAD AND FARM ANIMALS TO PRIESTS, AND GO ABOUT THEIR LIVES.
BUT NOT THE RABBIS. THEY SAID TO THE MASSES: "A lion once tore an animal to pieces and devoured it. A bone stuck in his throat in such a position that he was unable either to swallow it or spit it out. He therefore made an announcement that whosoever would remove the bone from his throat, would be richly rewarded. A stork came along, stuck its long beak into the lion's throat and after much effort succeeded in extracting the troublesome bone. Upon claiming the promised reward, the lion said to the stork: "You have already received your reward. You had your head in a lion's mouth and you remained unharmed!" RABBI JOSHUA TOLD THE JEWS, BASICALLY, ''THANK GOD YOU'RE ALIVE WITH JUDAISM AND TALMUD, AND FORGET ABOUT THE TEMPLE. WHEN GOD WANTS US TO HAVE THE TEMPLE REBUILT, HE WILL SEND US A MESSIAH TO REBUILD IT.'' [MIDRASH BERESHITH RABBAH CHAPTER 64] .
IN 118 CE, HADRIAN, TRYING TO WIN THE GOOD WILL OF HIS JEWISH SUBJECTS, ALLOWS THE JEWS TO RETURN TO JERUSALEM AND TO REBUILD THE TEMPLE. THE RABBIS DO NOT WANT IT. HADRIAN RENEGES.
IN 138 CE ANTONINUS PIUS ALLOWS THE JEWS TO RETURN TO JERUSALEM. THE RABBIS ADVISE AGAINST REBUILDING THE TEMPLE.
LATER TRAJAN FELT BETRAYED BY HIS GOOD WILL AND SENT HIS SISTER'S SON HADRIAN TO RULE OVER JUDEA AND TRY TO PUT DOWN BAR KOCHBA'S REBELLION. WHEN HADRIAN FAILED, TRAJAN, BY THEN EMPEROR, SENT GENERAL SEVERUS.
BAR KOCHBA, DECLARED HIMSELF THE JEWISH MESSIAH, AND EVEN HAD FAMOUS RABBI AKIVA FOLLOWING HIM AS SUCH. HE BEAT HADRIAN'S FORCES AND RE- TOOK JERUSALEM, CIRCA 135 CE. HE HELD JERUSALEM FOR 2 AND ONE HALF YEARS AGAINST ROMAN ASSAULTS. DURING THIS TIME, BY VOX POPULI, AND AGAINST MANY RABBIS WISHES, HE REINSTITUTED TEMPLE PRIESTLY SACRIFICES ON THE TEMPLE MOUNT IN THE RUINS OF WHAT WAS THE TEMPLE OF EZRA.
TALMUD YERUSHALMI TRACTATE TA'ANIT 4, SAYS: Severus destroyed 50 strong places and 985 towns and villages, and there fell 580,000 Jews by the sword, besides the large numbers who were carried off by famine, fire, and the pestilence, and not counting those who were dragged away into foreign lands, and sold as slaves. Near Hebron, four human beings were sold for one seah, about a peck of barley. ["O Lord, behold, and see to whom Thou hast done thus." Lam. 2:20.] Near Bither lay the dead, in a stretch of 18 mills (13½ English miles), for years without interment, till the reign of the succeeding emperor; because Hadrian would not permit the slain to be buried THIS UNFORTUNATE WAR CAUSED THE TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF THE LAND, AND IS CALLED IN TALMUD BAVLI TRACTATE SOTAH 9:14,'' POLEMOT HA ACHARON'', ''THE LAST WAR.'' ACCORDING TO TALMUD YERUSHALMI TRACTATE PEAH 7: NOT AN OLIVE TREE COULD BE FOUND IN ALL OF THE LAND. IT WAS TOTAL DESTRUCTION.
SEVERUS WAS WORSE THAN TITUS. AND OF COURSE, AKIVA FOUND THAT BAR KOCHBA WAS NOT THE JEWISH MESSIAH . AKIVA LOST HIS LIFE ALONG WITH NINE OTHER TALMUDIC SAGES AS MARTYRS TO JUDAISM.
IN 333 CE, THE EDICT OF MILAN ALLOWS JEWS TO RE BUILD THE TEMPLE. THE RABBIS SPEAK AGAINST THIS IDEA.
IN 365 CE EMPEROR JULIAN , WHO RULED FROM CONSTANOPLE, BECAME WAS THE THIRD EMPEROR, AFTER CONSTANTINE. CONTSTANTINE CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY ON HIS DEATH BED. JULIAN WAS CALLED ''THE APOSTATE''. THIS IS BECAUSE HE WAS A GREAT FRIEND OF THE JEWS AND WANTED TO DO AWAY WITH THE COUNCIL OF NICEA, OF 325 CE, AND THE TRINITY, AS WELL SUNDAY SABBATH.
HE WANTED TO ROLL BACK CHRISTIANITY TO WHERE IT WAS WHEN THE EVIONIM [THE POOR, THE HUMBLE, JEWS WHO FOLLOWED RABBI JESUS, BUT DID NOT CONSIDER HIM TO BE ANYTHING MORE EXCEPT A RABBI TEACHING RABBINIC JUDAISM], CONTROLLED IT. THE EVIONIM ARE STILL CONSIDERED JEWS TO THIS DAY.
IN 367 CE HE GAVE THE NASI [PRINCE, HEAD OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY] OF ISRAEL, WHO WAS RABBI HILLEL THE YOUNGER, THE ORDER TO REBUILD THE TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM. HILLEL THE YOUNGER WAS THE GREAT GRANDSON OF RABBI JUDAH HA NASI. JUDAH HA NASI REDACTED THE MISNA CIRCA 200 CE. HILLEL THE YONGER LIVED IN TIBERIAS, NOT JERUSALEM, AS THAT CITY WAS FORBIDEN TO JEWS, EXCEPT FOR A TISHA B'AV VISIT, YEARLY. [TISHA B'AV IS THE DAY WHEN BOTH TEMPLES WERE DESTROYED...THE FIRST BY THE BABYLONIANS AND THE SECOND BY THE ROMANS].
IN 367 CE HE GAVE THE NASI [PRINCE, HEAD OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY] OF ISRAEL, WHO WAS RABBI HILLEL THE YOUNGER, THE ORDER TO REBUILD THE TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM. HILLEL THE YOUNGER WAS THE GREAT GRANDSON OF RABBI JUDAH HA NASI. JUDAH HA NASI REDACTED THE MISNA CIRCA 200 CE. HILLEL THE YONGER LIVED IN TIBERIAS, NOT JERUSALEM, AS THAT CITY WAS FORBIDEN TO JEWS, EXCEPT FOR A TISHA B'AV VISIT, YEARLY. [TISHA B'AV IS THE DAY WHEN BOTH TEMPLES WERE DESTROYED...THE FIRST BY THE BABYLONIANS AND THE SECOND BY THE ROMANS].
"Julian thought to rebuild at an extravagant expense the proud Temple once at Jerusalem, and committed this task to Alypius of Antioch. Alypius set vigorously to work, and was seconded by the governor of the province; when fearful balls of fire, breaking out near the foundations, continued their attacks, till the workmen, after repeated scorching, could approach no more: and he gave up the attempt, but many building were built." BY AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS , A CONTEMPORARY OF JULIAN.
PREPARATIONS WERE ACTUALLY MADE TO CARRY MORE BUILDING, WHEN JULIAN DIED. JULIAN WAS CONSIDERED AN ANTI- CHRISTIAN AND WORSE, A FRIEND OF THE JEWS, AS HE REPEALED ALL OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES THAT CONTSTANTINE HAD BURDENED AND PUNISHED JEWS WITH, AND ABOLISHED ALL OF CONSTANTINE'S ANTI JEWISH LAWS.
TO UNDERSTAND THIS IN CONTEXT, AND WHAT YOU WON'T FIND IN CHRISTIAN TEXTS, IS THAT JULAIN WAS MUCH INFLUENCED BY THE 338 CE 'GREAT SYNOD' OF MANY FAMOUS CHRISTIAN CLERGY WHO DISCUSSED THE CHARACTER OF JESUS. ''ALL AGREED TO DENY HIM ALL DIVINE ATTRIBUTES, AND THAT HE WAS A HUMAN PROPHET AND A JEW TEACHING TALMUDIC JUDAISM.'' IN ANY EVENT, JULIAN WANTED TO RETURN THE ROMAN EMPIRE TO PAGANISM, AND WHY HE FAVORED THE JEWS, MIGHT BE BECAUSE OF HIS DISLIKE OF CHRISTIANS, WHO HE SAW AS THE JEWS' ENEMY.
VALANTINIAN ASCENDED THE THRONE IN 368 CE AND HE WAS ALSO PARTIAL TO THE JEWS. IN 380, HE BEGAN TO BUILD A NEW WALL FOR JERUSALEM, BUT HE DIED THE SAME YEAR. THIS IS THE SAME TSOURRES (TROUBLES) I WAS HAVING WITH MY CONTRACTOR.
THEODOSIUS ''ONE '' STARTED AS EMPEROR IN 380 CE. HE PERSECUTED THE ARIAN CHRISTIANS, WHO BELEIVED IN A MORE HUMAN LIKE VERSION OF JESUS. BUT HE LIKED THE JEWS. HE DECREED TO THE ENTIRE ROMAN EMPIRE THAT JEWS SHOULD HAVE COMPLETE FREEDOM, EXERCISE OF JEWISH RELIGION, AND NO ONE SHOULD GET IN THE WAY OF A JEWISH PERSON'S BUSINESS OR LIFE. BUT HE DIDN'T COMMENCE ANY BUILDING PROJECTS IN JERUSALEM.
IT WAS DURING THESE ANTI ARIAN RIOTS, THAT THE LIBRARY IN ALEXANDRIA, MORE THAN 600 YEARS OLD, WAS BURNT.
THEN ARCADIUS STARTED TO RULE IN 395 CE AND HE WAS ALSO GOOD TO THE JEWS.
THEODOSIUS TWO. STARTED TO RULE IN 412 CE AND WAS VERY CRUEL TO THE JEWS. IN 450 CE HE ORDERED ALL JEWS OUT OF ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT WHICH WAS A GREAT LEARNING CENTER FOR THE JEWS SINCE THE TIME OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT, IF NOT BEFORE. THE ROMANS ALSO EXPELLED JEWS FROM ALEXANDRIA SOME TIME BEFORE AND BURNT THEIR SYNAGOGUES.
THEN ARCADIUS STARTED TO RULE IN 395 CE AND HE WAS ALSO GOOD TO THE JEWS.
THEODOSIUS TWO. STARTED TO RULE IN 412 CE AND WAS VERY CRUEL TO THE JEWS. IN 450 CE HE ORDERED ALL JEWS OUT OF ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT WHICH WAS A GREAT LEARNING CENTER FOR THE JEWS SINCE THE TIME OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT, IF NOT BEFORE. THE ROMANS ALSO EXPELLED JEWS FROM ALEXANDRIA SOME TIME BEFORE AND BURNT THEIR SYNAGOGUES.
HE RE- INSTATED THE TAXES AND FINES OF CONSTANTINE TO THE JEWS OF 'PALESTINE' TO BE COLLECTED BY THE NASI (THE JEWISH 'PRINCE', HEAD OF THE COMMUNITY), AND HE TOOK ALL OF THE TSEDEKAH [CHARITY] COLLECTED FOR THE POOR JEWS, FOR TORAH STUDY, ETC, AND SENT IT TO CONSTANTINOPLE. NOTE THAT AT THIS TIME, THE NASI FLED TO BABYLON AND DID NOT LIVE IN JUDEA.
HOWEVER, HIS WIFE, EUDOKIA IN 438 CE GIVES JEWS PERMISSION TO PRAY ON THE TEMPLE MOUNT. AND IN 443 SHE GIVES PERMISSION TO REBUILD THE TEMPLE. BUT NO BUILDING IS DONE. JEWS ARE FIRMLY JEWS AND NOT HEBREWS AT THIS POINT ALTHOUGH THE TALMUD BAVLI IS STILL TAUGHT BY ORAL TRANMISSION. THE YERUSHALMI TALMUD HAS BEEN IN WRITTING FOR 143 YEARS AT THIS POINT.
IN 512 CE, THE JEWISH EXILARCH RABBI MAR ZUTRA II ESTABLISHES A JEWISH STATE IN PERSIA. HI S CAPITAL IS MAHUZA. IT LASTS 7 YEARS AND IN 520 CE, THE PERSIAN KING KAVAH ONE, CRUCIFIES MAR ZUTRA.
IN 525 CE JOSEPH ASHER DHU NUWAS, KING OF THE JEWISH KINGDOM OF ARABIA, REVOLTS AGAINST ROME WITH PERSIAN AID.
IN 528 CE JUSTINIAN THE GREAT BECAME EMPEROR. HE WAS WISE, GOOD, AND GOOD TO THE JEWS. IN 528 THE JEWS AND THE CHRISTIANS HAD A BLOODY MINI- WAR IN CEASAREA IN PALESTINE. THE JEWS KILLED ALMOST EVERY CHRISTIAN. JUSTIANIAN RULED THAT THE JEWS WERE IN THEIR RIGHT AND THEY WERE NOT PUNISHED.
EMPORER MAURICE RULES IN 584. THERE WERE EARTHQUAKES IN THE EAST, INCLUDING ISRAEL. THE BULDINGS THAT JULIAN STARTED TO BUILD ON THE TEMPLE MOUNT ALL FELL DOWN, AND MAURICE SENT JEWISH BUILDERS FROM CONSTANTINOPLE TO JERUSALEM TO RESTORE THEM.
LASTLY, HERACLIUS BECAME EMPERIOR IN 613. THE PERSIAN ISLAMIC KING KUSARI ATTACKED IN 614. AS JEWS DID OFTEN, THEY CHOSE TO SIDE WITH SOMEONE ATTACKING THOSE CONTROLLING THEM . THE JEWS HELPED KUSARI GAIN TIBERIAS, THE GALILEE AND EVENTUALLY JERUSALEM IN 614. HE BURNT ALL CHRISTAIN CHURCHES AND MONESTARIES AND CARRIED OFF ALL THE CHRISTAIN LEADERS. 20,000 CHRISTIANS LOST THEIR LIVES AND JEWS WERE PART OF THIS IN CHRISTIAN EUROPES' EYES. HE CONQUERED SYRIA, EGYPT, LEBANON, ETC. IN 614 THE JEWS, WITH ISLAMIC HELP, ATTEMPT TO BUILD A TEMPLE ON THE TEMPLE MOUNT.
THE JEWS TOOK OVER ISRAEL FOR 8 YEARS AND RAN IT INDEPENDENTLY. KUSARI DID NOT WANT THIS. HE WANTED JEWS AS HIS SUBORDINATE ALLIES. SO HE TURNED AGAINST THE JEWS AND BANNED THEM FROM JERUSALEM.
HERACLIUS ATTACKED THE 'HOLY LAND' AND REGAINED IT. AND THE JEWS PAID A HEAVY PRICE. HE BANNED JEWS FROM ALL OF ISRAEL AND DESTROYED THE BUILDINGS ON THE TEMPLE MOUNT THAT MAURICE ORDERED REPAIRED.
WHEN IN 622 HERACLIUS RE- TOOK JUDEA HE ALSO KILLED 20,000 JEWS AND LET THEIR BODIES ROT OUTSIDE THE GATES OF JERUSALEM. HE TURNED THE TEMPLE MOUNT INTO PUBLIC LATRINES.
IN 637 HE LOST CONTROL OF JERUSALEM TO THE MOSLEMS. THE MOSLEMS WHO, FOR THE MOST PART HAD GOOD, BUT UNEVEN RELATIONS WITH THE JEWS, WHO SOMETIMES SUPPORTED THEM AND SOMETIMES DID NOT, FOUND THE LATRINES ON THE MOUNT TO BE EXTREMELY OFFENSIVE. IN 638 A JUDEO-ISLAMIC ALLIANCE BUILDS A WOODEN JEWISH TEMPLE ON THE TEMPLE MOUNT.
EVENTUALLY CONSTANTINOPLE WOULD FALL TO ISLAM AS WELL.
AS WE ALL HAVE BEEN MADE AWARE SINCE THE EVENTS OF 9/11/2001, IN 614 CE, MUHAMMAD IBN ABD- ALLAH IBN KEDER IBN ISHMAEL EVENTUALLY LIVED IN MEDINA. BY THIS TIME HE HAD TAKEN POSSESSION OF ARABIA. ACCORDING TO JEWISH TRADITION AND NO DISRESPECT IS MADE TO THE PROPHET OR TO HIS ADHERANTS, MUHAMMAD HAD TWO ADVISORS. MEDINA WAS LONG A JEWISH CITY WITH WEALTHY JEWISH MERCHANTS.
AS WE ALL HAVE BEEN MADE AWARE SINCE THE EVENTS OF 9/11/2001, IN 614 CE, MUHAMMAD IBN ABD- ALLAH IBN KEDER IBN ISHMAEL EVENTUALLY LIVED IN MEDINA. BY THIS TIME HE HAD TAKEN POSSESSION OF ARABIA. ACCORDING TO JEWISH TRADITION AND NO DISRESPECT IS MADE TO THE PROPHET OR TO HIS ADHERANTS, MUHAMMAD HAD TWO ADVISORS. MEDINA WAS LONG A JEWISH CITY WITH WEALTHY JEWISH MERCHANTS.
ONE ADVISOR WAS ALLMAN MAM ALI A JEW,. THE OTHER WAS TURCHMAN, A CHRISTIAN. WE ALSO KNOW THAT TWO OR MORE OF MUHAMMAD'S WIVES WERE JEWISH WIDOWS. THEIR HUSBANDS FOUGHT AGAINST HIM.
NOW SOME JEWS, DURING MUHAMMAD'S CHADJRA (FLIGHT OF 621) FOUGHT AGAINST HIM. MUHAMMED DEPENDING ON HOW JEWS BEHAVED TOWARD HIM WAS EITHER UNHAPPY OR HAPPY WITH JEWS. BUT TO MAKE MATTERS WORSE, HE HAD AN ASTROLOGER NAMED BUCHERAN WHO DIDN'T LIKE JEWS AT ALL.
NOW IN THE RABBINIC TALMUDIC JEWISH COMMUNITY IN BAVEL WAS RABBI SHALLUM. SON OF THE ROSH GALUTA, THE EXILARCH. HUSHIEL. IN 627, HE CAME TO MUHAMMED AND OFFERED HIS LOYALITY AND FOR THE JEWS AS WELL. HE ADVISED MUHAMMED THAT TO DEFEND MEDINA, HE SHOULD BUILD TRENCHES. AND THE BATTLE THAT ENSUED, THAT THE MOSLEMS WON, IS CALLED THE BATTLE OF KHANDAQ [TRENCHES]. SHALLUM GAVE MUHAMMED HIS DAUGHTER FOR A WIFE.
MUHAMMED MADE RABBI SHALLUM THE GENERAL OF HIS ARMY AND CALLED HIM ABU BACHR AL CHALIVA AL ZADIK. ''FATHER OF THE MAIDEN, DESCENT OF THE RIGHTEOUS.'' AND HENCE RABBI SHALLUM AND HIS DAUGHTER SAVED THE JEWS, IN THIS STORY SIMILAR TO ESTHER'S.
NOW, SHALLUM AND MAM ALI HAD TO GET RID OF BUCHERIN. SO AT A PARTY, ALL THREE PLUS MUHAMMED WERE DRUNK AND FELL ASLEEP. BUT MAM ALI AND SHALLUM ONLY DRANK A LITTLE . THEY TOOK MUHAMMED'S SWORD AND CUT OFF BUCHARIN'S HEAD. WHEN THE THREE AWOKE, MUHAMMED SAID WHOEVER WHO HAS BLOOD ON HIS SWORD IN THE MURDERER. THEY FOUND DRIED BLOOD ON MUHAMMED'S SWORD. MUHAMMED RULED THAT WINE WAS THE MURDERDER AND BANNED WINE IN ISLAM.
RABBI SHALLUM CONQUERED 60 CITIES FOR MUHAMMED AND BECAME HEAD OF ISLAM, STILL A JEW, FOR TWO YEARS, WHEN MUHAMMED DIED, IN 625. WHEN RABBI SHALLUM DIED, OMAR IBN KATAK BECAME THE HEAD.
NOW, SHALLUM AND MAM ALI HAD TO GET RID OF BUCHERIN. SO AT A PARTY, ALL THREE PLUS MUHAMMED WERE DRUNK AND FELL ASLEEP. BUT MAM ALI AND SHALLUM ONLY DRANK A LITTLE . THEY TOOK MUHAMMED'S SWORD AND CUT OFF BUCHARIN'S HEAD. WHEN THE THREE AWOKE, MUHAMMED SAID WHOEVER WHO HAS BLOOD ON HIS SWORD IN THE MURDERER. THEY FOUND DRIED BLOOD ON MUHAMMED'S SWORD. MUHAMMED RULED THAT WINE WAS THE MURDERDER AND BANNED WINE IN ISLAM.
RABBI SHALLUM CONQUERED 60 CITIES FOR MUHAMMED AND BECAME HEAD OF ISLAM, STILL A JEW, FOR TWO YEARS, WHEN MUHAMMED DIED, IN 625. WHEN RABBI SHALLUM DIED, OMAR IBN KATAK BECAME THE HEAD.
IN OMAR'S TENTH YEAR HE TOOK JERUSALEM IN 637 CE.
IN 640, BECAUSE OF THE HELP OF JEWS IN PERSIA AND BABYLON TO ISLAM, AND THE INDIFFERENCE OR FIGHTING AGAINST ISLAM BY THE JEWS OF JUDEA AND PARTS OF ARABIA, MUSLIMS RECOGNIZE BABYLONIAN JEWISH LAW.
UNDER ISLAMIC RULE, THE HEADS OF TWO PRINCIPLE ACADEMIES OF BABYLONIAN JEWRY ARE RECOGNIZED BY THE EXILARCH IN BABYLON. THROUGH THE EXALARCH, VIA THE MUSLIM CALIPHATE AS THE FINAL ARBITERS , JEWISH LAW IS DECIDED.
THE RELIGIOUS HEADS OF ALL JEWISH COMMUNITIES UNDER MUSLIM RULE ARE TO FOLLOW IN THIS MANNER. THUS THE BABYLONIAN TALMUD, PUT INTO WRITING CIRCA 500 CE, CAME TO REPLACE THE TALMUD YERUSHALMI , PUT INTO WRITING IN 300 CE.
BAVLI BECOMES NORMATIVE JUDAISM. THIS IS IMPORTANT AS ISLAM SPREADS THROUGH OUT NOT ONLY PERSIA AND BABYLONIA, WHERE THE TALMUD BAVLI ALREADY IS THE WAY FOR JUDAISM, BUT WHEN ISLAM SPREADS TO NORTH AFRICA AND EVENTUALLY INTO SPAIN , GREECE, AND WHAT WAS YUGOSLAVIA.
WHEN JEWS LEAVE THERE DUE TO INQUISTIONS AND EXPULSIONS ETC, THEY TAKE THEIR TALMUD BAVLI WITH THEM INTO GERMANY, POLAND AND WESTERN AND NORTHERN EUROPE. THEY TEACH IT TO JEWS WHO HAD MOVED THERE CENTURIES BEFORE WITH THE ROMAN ARMIES AND HAD KNOWLEDGE OF THE TALMUD YERUSHALMI.
IN 691 CE ABD AL-MAL CONSTRUCTED THE DOME OF THE ROCK. PART OF THIS MOSQUE'S PRAYER RAILING HAS THE REMAINS OF SOLOMON'S TEMPLE.
TALMUD BAVLI TRACTATE YOMA 5:2 REFERS TO THE ''EBEN SHETIVAH'', THE FOUNDATION STONE. IT IS A LARGE, ROUND WHITE STONE, 30 FEET IN CIRCUMFERENCE. IT IS COVERED IN A RED CLOTH OF SATIN. IT IS HELD TO THE FLOOR ON ONE SIDE AND IS PROPPED UP ON THE OTHER WITH PIECES OF WOOD. BENEATH IT THE SOIL IS DUG AWAY ABOUT TEN FEET. YOMA 5:2 SAYS IT WAS ELEVATED 3 FINGERS WIDE ABOVE THE FLOOR, WHICH IS PROOF THAT THE MUSLEMS DUG DOWN TEN FEET INTO THE TEMPLE MOUNT'S FLOOR.
IN SUMMATION: THE FOLLOWING CAN BE GLEANED FROM THIS ESSAY:
1. JERUSALEM WAS NOT THE ONLY PLACE WHERE HEBREWS OR JEWS HAD ESTABLISHED TEMPLES FOR SACRIFICE BY THEIR PRIESTS. WE KNOW OF TWO IN EGYPT AND ONE IN ARABIA. WE KNOW THAT TWO EXISTED SIMULTANEOUSLY FOR 100 YEARS.
2. WE KNOW THAT JUDAISM IS NOT TEMPLE OR SACRIFICE ORIENTED.
3. WE KNOW THAT MANY OFFERS WERE MADE TO REBUILD THE TEMPLE, AND WHEN THE RABBIS WERE IN CHARGE, THEY WERE NOT FOR IT.
4. WE HAVE SEEN MANY TIMES WHEN CHRISTIANS AND MOSLEMS RULED JERUSALEM, ATTEMPTS WERE MADE BY THEM,. BASED ON THEIR THEOLOGY, TO HAVE THE TEMPLE REBUILT. THEY ALWAYS FAILED.
5. WE HAVE SEEN THAT THE STATEMENT THAT ''JEWS FOR 2000 YEARS SINCE THE ROMANS DESTROYED THE TEMPLE IN 70 CE HAVE NOT BEEN ALLOWED TO PRAY OR LIVE IN JERUSALEM OR JUDEA'' TO BE UNTRUE.
6. WE HAVE SEEN STATEMENTS THAT JEWS HAVE NOT HAD AN INDEPENDENT STATE SINCE 70 CE TO BE UNTRUE. WE HAVE SEEN TWO INSTANCES WERE JEWS HAVE RE-TAKEN JUDEA, ONCE FOR 2.5 YEARS AND ONCE FOR 8 YEARS. WE HAVE SEEN HAVE SEEN JEWS RUN THEIR OWN KINGDOMS IN BOTH ARABIA AND IN A PART OF PERSIA. (THERE ARE OTHER INSTANCES AS WELL, INCLUDING THE JEWISH STATE OF THE KHAZARS, REPORTED FIRST BY RABBI JUDAH HA LEVI, OF SPAIN IN 1100, AND THE SOVIET STATE JEWISH RUN STATE CALLED THE JEWISH AUTOMOMOUS OBLAST , WITH ITS CAPITAL OF BIROBIDZHAN. IT IS ON THE MONGOLIAN BORDER WITH RUSSIA. Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть (Russian) ייִדישע אווטאָנאָמע געגנYIDDISH]
7.WE HAVE SEEN WHERE JEWS HAVE GOTTEN ALONG WITH PAGAN ROMANS, CHRISTIANS AND MOSLEMS, AND HAVE SEEN WHERE JEWS HAVE NOT.
THIS IS NOT MEANT TO BE AN EXHAUSTIVE HISTORY OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE VIS A VIS WORLD HISTORY FOR A SPAN OF MORE THAN 1000 YEARS. THIS IS JUST A BIT OF INFORMATION, SO THAT WE CAN BE BETTER JEWS, KNOWLEDGABLE JEWS, AND GET RID OF OUR PREJUDICES BROUGHT ON BY MISINFORMATION. SOME OF THIS MISINFORMATION HAS BEEN GIVEN TO US BY WELL MEANING PEOPLE, ON OUR BIMAHS, AS FOR SOME REASON, THEY THINK AS NOT ABLE TO COMPREHEND AS ESSAY OR LECTURE OF THIS LENGTH.
WE SHOULD TRY TO LIVE BY RABBI HILLEL'S ADVICE OF 100 BCE OF; " WHAT IS DISTASTEFUL UNTO YOU, DO NOT DO TO YOUR FELLOW. THIS IS THE WHOLE OF JUDAISM AND THE TORAH. NOW GO AND STUDY."
SHALOM,
RABBI ARTHUR SEGAL
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